Pressure ulcer

A pressure ulcer (also known as a bedsore or decubitus ulcer) is a localized injury to the skin and underlying tissue, usually over a bony area, caused by prolonged pressure, shear, or friction. They commonly occur in people who are bedridden, immobile, or use wheelchairs.

Key Points:

• Causes: Prolonged pressure, especially over areas like heels, hips, tailbone, and elbows.
• Risk Factors: Immobility, poor nutrition, aging skin, moisture (from sweat or incontinence), and chronic illnesses.
• Stages:
  1. Stage 1: Red, non-blanching skin (intact).
  2. Stage 2: Partial-thickness skin loss (blister or shallow ulcer).
  3. Stage 3: Full-thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous tissue.
  4. Stage 4: Extensive damage involving muscle, bone, or tendons.
• Complications: Infection (including cellulitis and sepsis), chronic pain, and delayed healing.
• Prevention: Regular repositioning, use of pressure-relieving devices (like special mattresses), good skin care, and proper nutrition.
• Treatment: Wound cleaning, dressing, pressure relief, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery.